VIDEO TRANSCRIPTION
Google Quantum AI
Meet Willow, our state-of-the-art quantum chip
Description generated by Skrybot
Discover Google's latest innovation in the realm of quantum computing - the Willow chip. This groundbreaking technology has surpassed previous advancements in quantum coherence times, setting new benchmarks in the field. The Willow chip is not just another quantum computing development, it's a realization of long-standing goals in the quantum computing arena.
Google Quantum AI has taken a unique hardware approach with tunable qubits to ensure high performance and minimal error rates in quantum computations. The Willow system stands out with its large number of highly connected qubits, low error rates, and versatility in performing a wide array of applications.
Our mission at Google Quantum AI is to continue building large-scale, error-corrected quantum computers. These will be the driving force behind future scientific explorations, and the key to solving complex problems in various sectors. From pharmaceuticals to batteries, and fusion power, the potential applications are endless. Join us on this journey as we continue to push the boundaries of what's possible with quantum computing.
Transcription generated by Skrybot
The systems behind our universe are quantum mechanical. They shift and change with the problems they're tasked to solve, exploring a vast array of options all at once. And like nature, quantum computing is responsive to the environments it works within, leading us to new breakthroughs for tomorrow's most challenging problems. Introducing our latest quantum computing chip, developed to learn and evolve like the natural world around us. Willow, from Google Quantum AI. Hi, I'm Julian Kelly, Director of Hardware at Google Quantum AI. And today, on behalf of our amazing team, I'm proud to announce Willow. Willow is Google's newest and most powerful superconducting quantum computing chip. and the next step in our path towards building large-scale quantum computers and exploring their applications.
I've been fascinated with quantum computing since I first experimented with Qubus in 2008. And since coming to Google in 2015, it has been a dream to make our mission a reality. Building quantum computers for otherwise unsolvable problems. We launched our first chip, Foxtail, in 2017, followed by Bristlecone in 2018, and Sycamore in 2019, which powered our Milestone 1, the first quantum computer to surpass the best classical supercomputer on a computational task, random circuit sampling. Over the years with Sycamore, we have been able to squeeze a remarkable amount of performance from our hardware, including achieving a scalable logical qubit in our Milestone 2. But we've ultimately been limited by quantum coherence times, the length of time qubits maintain their intended state. With Willow, we've made a huge step forward.
We've increased quantum coherence times by a factor of five, going from 20 microseconds in Sycamore to 100 microseconds in Willow. And we've accomplished this all without sacrificing any of the features that made our systems so successful. This advancement was enabled by our new dedicated super-connecting quantum chip fabrication facility in Santa Barbara, one of only a few in the world. And we're seeing exciting developments coming from Willow, which has already surpassed Sycamore's breakthrough demonstrations. Our logical qubits now operate below the critical quantum error correction threshold, a long sought-after goal for the quantum computing field since the theory was discovered in the 90s. And we've achieved it for the first time with Willow. Errors are exponentially suppressed in our logical qubits, as error rates are halved.
each time we add physical qubits and scale from distance 3 to 5 to 7 surface codes additionally our logical cubit lifetimes are now much longer than all of the lifetimes of the physical qubits that compose them this means that even as we make our quantum chips larger and more complex by adding more qubits we can use quantum error correction to actually improve their accuracy we've pitted willow against one of the world's most powerful super computers with their random circuit sampling benchmark the results are pretty surprising by our best estimates a calculation that takes willow under five minutes would take the fastest supercomputer 10 to the 25 years that's a one with 25 zeros following it or a time scale way longer than the age of the universe this result highlights the exponentially growing gap between classical and quantum computation for certain applications.
Let's talk about the hardware approach we've pioneered at Google Quantum AI that makes these things possible. Our tunable qubits and couplers enable super-fast gates and operations to achieve low error rates, reconfigurability to optimize hardware in situ and run multiple applications, and high connectivity to efficiently express algorithms. We leveraged this tunability to enable reproducible high performance across the device. Let me explain. A challenge in superconducting qubits is that not all of them are created equal. Some are outliers with uncharacteristically high errors. But here's where our tunable qubits really shine. We're able to fix these outlier qubits by reconfiguring them to perform in line with the rest of the device.
And we can go one step further by having our researchers use tunability to continuously develop new calibration strategies that push errors down across all key bits with software. Let's quantify this and nerd out for a minute on quantum computer tech specs. We have number of qubits, connectivity is the average number of interactions each qubit can perform with its neighbors. We quantify error probabilities for running simultaneous operations. Single qubit gates, two qubit gates, and measurement. Coherence time measures how long each qubit can retain its information. Measurement rate is how many computations we can run per second. An application performance is a full system benchmark. Willow hits a sweet spot across the full list. It has a large number of qubits with high connectivity and can run diverse applications.
We measure low mean error rates across all operations with multiple native 2-qubit gates. We have greatly increased T1 times, we have very high measurement rates, and Willow is below the error correction threshold and performs random circuit sampling far beyond what is possible with classical computers. Looking to the future with Willow, we continue our journey towards building large-scale and useful error-corrected quantum computers that will push the boundaries of science in the exploration of nature. With future commercially useful applications in areas like pharmaceuticals, batteries, and fusion power, we are excited to solve the otherwise unsolvable problems of tomorrow. .
S K R Y B O T
Skrybot. 2023, Video transcriptions from YouTube
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